Prepare the Oven and Skillet: Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Butter a 10-inch cast iron skillet to prepare it for the cake batter.
Combine the Dry Ingredients: In a large mixing bowl, combine the all-purpose flour, granulated sugar, baking powder, and baking soda. Stir until the ingredients are evenly distributed.
Add the Spices: Mix the salt, ground cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves into the flour mixture. Set the bowl aside while preparing the wet ingredients.
Mix the Wet Ingredients: In a separate medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, melted unsalted butter, honey, eggs, and vanilla extract until thoroughly combined.
Make the Cake Batter: Pour the wet mixture into the bowl of dry ingredients. Stir gently until the ingredients are just combined, taking care not to overmix the batter.
Transfer the Batter to the Skillet: Pour the prepared batter into the buttered cast iron skillet. Spread it evenly across the skillet so the cake bakes uniformly.
Arrange the Fig Topping: Place the halved fresh figs over the batter with their cut sides facing upward. Scatter the chopped pistachios over the figs, then sprinkle the granulated sugar evenly across the top.
Bake the Cake: Place the skillet in the preheated oven and bake for 30–35 minutes. Check the center by inserting a toothpick; the cake is ready when the toothpick comes out clean.
Cool Before Serving: Remove the skillet from the oven and allow the cake to cool to room temperature before slicing. Serve once cooled, allowing the cake to set for neat slices.